BS ISO 17851:2016 pdf download – Space systems — Space environment simulation for material tests — General principles and criteria
— erosion and mass losses by atomic oxygen of the upper Earth’s atmosphere
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— charging in the polar regions
— radiation damage in South Atlantic anomaly
— surface erosion under the impact of space debris
6.1.2 MEO
— material sublimation
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— charging in the hot magnetosphere plasma
— internal charging by electrons of ERB
— radiation damage by electrons and protons of ERB, GCR and SEP
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids
6.1.3 GSO/GEO
— material sublimation
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— charging in the hot magnetosphere plasma
— internal charging by electrons of ERB
— radiation damage by electrons of ERB, GCR and SEP
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids
6.1.4 Interplanetary space
— material sublimation
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— radiation damage of materials by charged particles of GCR and SEP
— sputtering by protons of the solar wind
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids
6.1.5 Near-Moon space and on the Moon surface
— material sublimation
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— radiation damage of materials by charged particles of GCR, SEP, and secondary neutrons
— sputtering by protons of the solar wind
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids and secondary particles of lunar regolith
— surface contamination by lunar dust
6.1.6 Near-Mars space and on the Martian surface
— material sublimation
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— radiation damage of materials by charged particles of GCR, SEP, and secondary neutrons
— sputtering by protons of the solar wind
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids and particles of Martian dust storms
6.1.7 Near-Jupiter space
— radiation damage of materials by charged particles of Jovian radiation belts, GCR and SEP
— charging in the Jovian magnetosphere plasma
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids
6.1.8 Near-Mercury and on its surface
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— radiation damage of materials by charged particles of GCR, SEP
— surface erosion under the impact of meteoroids
— material destruction due to thermal cycling
6.1.9 Near-Venus space and on the Venusian surface
— radiation damage of materials by charged particles of GCR, SEP
— optical degradation under the influence of UV and VUV radiation
— degradation due to the influence of Venusian atmosphere and high temperature
6.2 Setting a problem of simulation of space environment on spacecraft materials
When analysing the impact of primary and secondary space environment factors on spacecraft materials, the three groups of methods are used:
— ground-based laboratory experiments and tests of material samples;
— theoretical studies and computer modelling;
— flight experiments in space.
These methods are closely related and shall be applied together. This is illustrated in Figure 1 as an example of the study on the effects of the space radiation environment on spacecraft materials and devices.
The starting points for problem setting and choice of the research methods are:
— models and standards of space radiation (1);
— types of orbits and the spacecraft lifetimes (2);
— spacecraft design, applied materials and on-board devices (3).
In relation to the starting points above, requirements for laboratory testing equipment, mathematical models and software tools to be used for space radiation effects simulation are formulated (4). Then,the most suitable experimental methods and equipment (5) and/or mathematical models and software tools (6) are chosen, taking into account the requirements. Mathematical modelling of the space environment impact processes can be done using analytical and numerical computation methods. Recommended mathematical models for study of spacecraft/environment interaction are given in Annex B.
The complex experiments in space (7) in which the features of the space environment, radiation condition inside the spacecraft and radiation effects in various materials are studied simultaneously, are organized taking into account the results of both laboratory testing and mathematical simulation. MISSE (USA) and KOMPLAST (Russia-USA) are the examples of complex space experiments on space environment impact on various spacecraft materials.
The database obtained using all methods is used for creation of models of material and device degradation in various conditions (8), and for development of spacecraft reliability and lifetime forecasting methods (9) and recommendations on spacecraft protection against the radiation effects (10).BS ISO 17851 pdf download.