BS ISO 1170:2020 pdf download – Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses to different bases
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3.2 Symbols
The symbols used in the subsequent clauses are as follows, with suffixes (separated by a comma) “ad” (air-dried), “ar” (as-received), “d” (dry), “daf” (dry, ash-free) or “dmmf” (dry, mineral-matter-free) where appropriate.
w A ash, expressed as percent mass fraction
w C carbon mass fraction, expressed as percent
w Cl chlorine mass fraction, expressed as percent
w Cl,inorg inorganic chlorine mass fraction, expressed as percent
w CO 2 carbon dioxide mass fraction, expressed as percent
w H hydrogen mass fraction, excluding hydrogen in the moisture, but including the hydrogen from
water of hydration in minerals, expressed as percent
w H 2 O moisture mass fraction, expressed as percent
w h water of hydration in the mineral matter mass fraction, expressed as percent
w MM mineral matter mass fraction, expressed as percent (see Annex A)
w N nitrogen mass fraction, expressed as percent
w O oxygen mass fraction, excluding oxygen in the moisture but including the oxygen from water of hydration in minerals, expressed as percent
w S,o organic sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
w S,p pyritic sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
w S,s sulfate sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
w S,T total sulfur mass fraction, expressed as percent
w V volatile matter mass fraction, expressed as percent
F Cl national correction factor for the estimation of the inorganic chlorine mass fraction
F h national correction factor for the estimation of water of hydration
F MM national correction factor for the estimation of the mineral matter (see Annex A)
4 Principle
In order to convert an analytical result expressed on one basis to another basis, it is multiplied by a factor calculated from the appropriate formulae (see Table 1) after insertion of the requisite numerical values.
5 Calculations for coal analyses
5.1 General
In International Standards covering the analysis of coal, it is generally specified that the determination shall be carried out on an air-dried test sample. However, in making use of these analyses, it is sometimes necessary to express or report the results on some other basis. The bases in common use are “air-dried”, “as-received”, “dry”, “dry, ash-free”, and “dry, mineral-matter-free”.
5.2 Procedure Any analytical value (except net calorific value) on a particular basis may be converted to any other basis by multiplying it by the appropriate factor calculated from the formulae given in Table 1, after insertion of the requisite numerical values for the symbols (for determination of moisture, see ISO 589, ISO 5068-1, ISO 5068-2 or ISO 11722 (as appropriate); for ash, see ISO 1171). However, in some determinations, there is a direct involvement of the mineral matter and, in these cases, it is essential to apply a correction to the air-dried result prior to its calculation to the dry, mineral-matter-free basis. This correction is dependent on the nature, as well as the quantity, of the mineral matter present. The mineral matter is determined using ISO 602.
If it is not possible or not desired to determine the mineral matter for any given sample, the formula recommended by the national standards organization of the country of origin of the sample should be used and should be quoted in full, together with the analysis. An example for a formula and further explanations are given in Annex A. All the determinations that may be expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis are considered individually below. If it is necessary to calculate an analytical result expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis back to any other basis, then it is essential that any correction deducted during the application of any Formulae (1) to (10) inclusive be added back to the dry, mineral-matter-free value before applying the appropriate formula from Table 1.BS ISO 1170 pdf download.