BS 12846-1:2011 pdf download – Bitumen and bituminous binders — Determination of efflux time by the efflux viscometer Part 1 : Bituminous emulsions 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 Light mineral oil. Light mineral oil having a viscosity equal or lower than 7 mm 2 /s at 40 °C. 5.2 Solution Sa. Aqueous solution with a 1 % mass of sodium lauryl sulfate preferably, or aqueous solution with a nominal 1 % mass of sodium oleate shall be used for testing anionic emulsions. Those solutions (surfactants) shall be solubilised with 1 % mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The actual soap solution may be used if available on site, in case of routine tests or for simplicity. NOTE S a stands for “anionic solution” as this solution is used for testing anionic emulsions. 5.3 Solution S c . Aqueous solution with a 1 % mass of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride preferably, or aqueous solution with a nominal 1 % mass of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide shall be used for testing cationic emulsions. Those surfactants shall be solubilised with 1 % mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (HCl concentration shall be approximately equal to 1 mol/l). The actual aqueous phase may be used if available on site, in case of routine tests or for simplicity. NOTE 1 S C stands for “cationic solution” as this solution is used for testing cationic emulsions. NOTE 2 The solution of 1 % of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide should be prepared slightly above 25 ºC (but not higher than 30 ºC). Then it should be stored at a temperature of (25±1) ºC before test. 6 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following: 6.1 Efflux viscometer (see an example of viscometer on Figure 1) consisting essentially of a cup with an orifice in the centre of the base which may be closed by a ball-and-socket valve (see Figure 2). Three forms are required, differing only in the size of the orifice (10 mm, 4 mm and 2 mm). For other dimensions of the cup and the ball-valve, see Figure 3. The cup cylinder shall be made of brass. The ball valve should be made of corrosion-resistant metal, with a ball on a rod, a levelling peg attached to the rod and a hemispherical top by means of which the valve may be supported in a vertical position. The viscometer cups shall be equipped with suitable corks or caps for closing the orifices...
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