BS ISO 247-2:2018 pdf download – Rubber — Determination of ash Part 2: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) This document specifies two methods for the determination of ash from raw rubbers, compounded rubbers and vulcanizates using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The methods are applicable to raw, compounded or vulcanized rubbers of the M, O, R and U families described in ISO 1629: — Method A is applicable for the determination of the ash from raw rubbers. — Method B is applicable for the determination of the ash from compounded or vulcanized rubbers. The methods are not applicable for the determination of the ash from raw rubbers, compounded or vulcanized rubbers containing chlorine, bromine or iodine. This document does not cover the interpretation of the ash results from the inorganic chemical contents of compounded or vulcanized rubbers. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 248‑1, Rubber, raw — Determination of volatile-matter content — Part 1: Hot-mill method and oven method ISO 1795, Rubber, raw natural and raw synthetic — Sampling and further preparative procedures 3 Terms and definitions No terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp 4 Principle A weighed test portion is heated in an atmosphere of nitrogen. After complete decomposition of the polymer, the atmosphere is switched from nitrogen to oxygen or air and the test portion is further heated until all the carbonaceous matter has been burnt off and a constant mass is reached. The mass of the residue represents the ash. 5 Reagents 5.1 Dry nitrogen, purity ≥ 99,99 %. 5.2 Dry oxygen, purity ≥ 99,99 %, or air. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Thermogravimetric analyser, comprising the following elements: a) Thermo‑balance; b) Heating furnace; c) Temperature programmer; d) Gas flow controller, for controlling the purge gas to the balance and furnace, and keeping a constant flow rate. 6.2 Sample pan, platinum pan or alumina ceramic pan. 6.3 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0,1 mg. 7 Preparation of the test sample 7.1 For raw natural...

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